象征手法——主要是根据事物之间的某种联系
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济慈的《夜莺颂》里夜莺虽然代表了美好的极乐世界,但是最后仍然回归到悲惨的现实当中。总的来说,在西方人眼中,夜莺就和东方文化当中的杜鹃形象相同,都是悲情的化身。在《夜莺与玫瑰》中,夜莺对爱情的追求非常执着坚定,它为了帮助学生赢得教授女儿的心,历经千辛万苦才找到真正的玫瑰树,可是却要付出生命的代价才能获取一枝红玫瑰,为了美好的爱情,用它炙热的鲜血和高亢的歌声促成了一支红玫瑰,它也为此失去了生命。可即便这样,这来之不易的冬日玫瑰仍然被无情的抛弃了,任其在寒风中凋零。
Translation (3)
Although the nightingale, in the Ode to a Nightingale by Keats, is a representation of  wonderful nirvana, it has to return to the miserable reality in the end. Generally speaking, nightingale, in westerns’ eyes, is an incarnation of tragedy, just like the cuckoo used in eastern cultures. In Nightingale and the Rose, nightingale’s pursuit of love is vey firm and persistent. In order to help the student to win the heart of daughter of the professor, it goes through all kinds of hardships and difficulties to find a real rose tree, yet it has to pay its life in exchange for a red rose. For the beautiful love, the nightingale uses its warm blood to produce a red rose in its sonorous song. And it also loses its life for it. But even so, this hard-won winter rose is abandoned ruthlessly, dying in the cold wind.
though in Keats's Ode to the Nightingale, the Nightingale represents a wonderful world of bliss, but at last it returned to the tragic reality. Generally speaking, in the eyes of Westerners, nightingales are the same image as cuckoos in Eastern culture. They are the embodiment of sadness. In Nightingale and Rose, Nightingale's pursuit of love was very persistent and firm. In order to help students win the heart of the professor's daughter, Nightingale finds the real rose tree after lots of hardships, but it has to pay the price of life to get a brach of red rose. For the beautiful love, it uses its hot blood and high-pitched singing for a red rose, which also cost the price of its life. But even so, the hard-won Winter Rose is still ruthlessly abandoned, left wither in the cold wind.
The nightingale in Keat's Ode to a Nightingale represents the happy western paradise, but at length it still ended in the miserable reality. All in all, in the western's view, the nightingale was the personification of pessimism, the same as cuckoo in eastern culture. In the Nightingale and the Rose, the nightingale firmly persisted in pursuing love. For helping the student win the professor's daughter, it went through hardships to find the real rose rush. While it had to pay its whole life for a red rose. For the beautiful love, the nightingale paid its scorching blood and poignant song and even its life for a red rose. But even so, the hard-won rose was still abandoned, wilting in the cold winter.
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